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Title
Synthesis of antennas performance characteristics by near-field measurements
Author/Authors
V.S. Kalashnikov, O.Y. Platonov, M.Y. Ponomarev, M.I. Rivkin, A.Y. Shatrakov, V.V. Shubnikov. Under scientific editorship of Y.G. Shatrakov
Pages
219
Publication date
2017
Type
The monograph
Format
Paper book
700 Rub
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The issues of antennas radiotechnical performance are considered based on amplitude-phase measurements of the electromagnetic field distribution on the scanning surface in the near and intermediate zones of the antennas. Electrodynamic principles of amplitude-phase measurements are provided along with the main equations that determine radiotechnical performance of antennas according to the results of amplitude-phase measurements on the plain and spherical surfaces of scanning. The special software for this reconstruction is described. Measurement tolerances are estimated. The specialized test-stands are described for amplitude-phase measurements on the plain surfaces of scanning in the antennas’ near zone. The issues of laboratory, in-flight and special tests for antennas are covered.
The book is intended for engineers and specialists of high qualification whose activities involve experimental adjustments of radiotechnical performance of complex antenna systems, and as a study guide for senior students of “radio electronics” and “radio physics” specialties.
The book is intended for engineers and specialists of high qualification whose activities involve experimental adjustments of radiotechnical performance of complex antenna systems, and as a study guide for senior students of “radio electronics” and “radio physics” specialties.
Introduction
Abbreviations and conventions
Chapter 1 Radiotechnical performance characteristics of antennas
1.1 Antenna’s role in the radiotechnical systems
1.2 Structure of the electromagnetic fields generated by an antenna
1.2.1 Types of alternating magnetic fields generated by an antenna in the environment
1.2.2 Near, intermediate, and far zones of an antenna
1.3 Internal parameters of transmitting antennas
1.3.1 Balance of active and reactive power in an antenna
1.3.2 Antenna impedance
1.3.3 Antenna’s efficiency factor
1.3.4 Parameters for antenna input matching
1.4 External parameters of transmitting antennas
1.4.1 Directional diagrams of field amplitude and power
1.4.2 Directional diagrams of field phase
1.4.3 Polarization characteristics
1.4.4 Directive gain and power gain
1.5 Radiotechnical parameters of receiving antennas
1.5.1 Similarity of some antenna characteristics in transmitting and receiving operation modes
1.5.2 Directive gain, power gain, and effective area of receiving antennas
1.5.3 Antenna noise temperature
1.5.4 Antenna working band
References
Chapter 2 Measurement methods for antenna’s radiotechnical characteristics (brief review)
2.1 Measurements in the far zone
2.1.1 Proving ground method
2.1.2 Flight calibration method
2.1.3 Radio-astronomical method
2.2 Measurements in the near zone
2.2.1 Collimation method (compacted proving ground)
2.2.2 Amplitude-phase measurement method
2.2.3 Combination method
References
Chapter 3 Synthesis of antenna characteristics from amplitude-phase measurements of field distribution on the plain scanning surface
3.1 Electromagnetic foundations of amplitude-phase measurements
3.2 Derivation of computing formulas from Kirchhoff approximation
3.3 Derivation of computing formulas based on the solution of the simple wave equation
3.4 Discrete analogs of integral transformations
3.5 Consideration of the probe influence on the measurement results
3.6 Power gain measurements
3.7 Methods of numerical computation of integral sums
3.8 Measurement accuracies for the plain surface scanning
References
Chapter 4 Automated test-stand for antenna’s radiotechnical characteristics synthesis based on plain surface scanning
4.1 General provisions
4.2 Test-stand’s block schematic diagram
4.3 Test-stand’s mechanics
4.4 Linear coordinates measuring instrument
4.4.1 Operating principle of linear movement transducers
4.4.2 Method for absolute sensors data output
4.5 Positioning mounts
4.6 Probes and methods for their fastening
4.6.1 Dipoles and loop probes
4.6.2 Open-end waveguide probes
4.6.3 Log-periodic arrays as probes
4.6.4 Probes power supply systems
4.7 Amplitude-phasemeters
4.8 Measurement object’s alignment
4.9 Software for the test-stand
4.10 Instrument accuracy of measurements
4.11 Time budget for automated measurements
References
Chapter 5 Synthesis of antenna characteristics from amplitude-phase measurements of field distribution on the spherical scanning surface
5.1 Statement of the problem and basic coordinate systems
5.2 Selection of the scanning area size and the distance to measurement object
5.3 Algorithm of directional diagram computation for antenna under study based on measurement results
5.4 Consideration of the probe influence on the measurement results
5.5 Algorithms of directive and power gains computation for antenna under study based on measurement results
5.6 Computation algorithm for electromagnetic field in antenna aperture based on the measurements of amplitude-phase distribution on the spherical scanning surface
5.7 Measurement accuracy estimations for spherical scanning surface
5.8 Description of kinematic schemes for near field test-stands with spherical scanning surface
References
Chapter 6 Antenna tests
6.1 The goal and purpose of the tests
6.2 Laboratory tests
6.3 Mechanical tests
6.4 Climatic tests
6.5 Flight testing
6.6 Directional diagram measurement methods on the model aircrafts
References
Abbreviations and conventions
Chapter 1 Radiotechnical performance characteristics of antennas
1.1 Antenna’s role in the radiotechnical systems
1.2 Structure of the electromagnetic fields generated by an antenna
1.2.1 Types of alternating magnetic fields generated by an antenna in the environment
1.2.2 Near, intermediate, and far zones of an antenna
1.3 Internal parameters of transmitting antennas
1.3.1 Balance of active and reactive power in an antenna
1.3.2 Antenna impedance
1.3.3 Antenna’s efficiency factor
1.3.4 Parameters for antenna input matching
1.4 External parameters of transmitting antennas
1.4.1 Directional diagrams of field amplitude and power
1.4.2 Directional diagrams of field phase
1.4.3 Polarization characteristics
1.4.4 Directive gain and power gain
1.5 Radiotechnical parameters of receiving antennas
1.5.1 Similarity of some antenna characteristics in transmitting and receiving operation modes
1.5.2 Directive gain, power gain, and effective area of receiving antennas
1.5.3 Antenna noise temperature
1.5.4 Antenna working band
References
Chapter 2 Measurement methods for antenna’s radiotechnical characteristics (brief review)
2.1 Measurements in the far zone
2.1.1 Proving ground method
2.1.2 Flight calibration method
2.1.3 Radio-astronomical method
2.2 Measurements in the near zone
2.2.1 Collimation method (compacted proving ground)
2.2.2 Amplitude-phase measurement method
2.2.3 Combination method
References
Chapter 3 Synthesis of antenna characteristics from amplitude-phase measurements of field distribution on the plain scanning surface
3.1 Electromagnetic foundations of amplitude-phase measurements
3.2 Derivation of computing formulas from Kirchhoff approximation
3.3 Derivation of computing formulas based on the solution of the simple wave equation
3.4 Discrete analogs of integral transformations
3.5 Consideration of the probe influence on the measurement results
3.6 Power gain measurements
3.7 Methods of numerical computation of integral sums
3.8 Measurement accuracies for the plain surface scanning
References
Chapter 4 Automated test-stand for antenna’s radiotechnical characteristics synthesis based on plain surface scanning
4.1 General provisions
4.2 Test-stand’s block schematic diagram
4.3 Test-stand’s mechanics
4.4 Linear coordinates measuring instrument
4.4.1 Operating principle of linear movement transducers
4.4.2 Method for absolute sensors data output
4.5 Positioning mounts
4.6 Probes and methods for their fastening
4.6.1 Dipoles and loop probes
4.6.2 Open-end waveguide probes
4.6.3 Log-periodic arrays as probes
4.6.4 Probes power supply systems
4.7 Amplitude-phasemeters
4.8 Measurement object’s alignment
4.9 Software for the test-stand
4.10 Instrument accuracy of measurements
4.11 Time budget for automated measurements
References
Chapter 5 Synthesis of antenna characteristics from amplitude-phase measurements of field distribution on the spherical scanning surface
5.1 Statement of the problem and basic coordinate systems
5.2 Selection of the scanning area size and the distance to measurement object
5.3 Algorithm of directional diagram computation for antenna under study based on measurement results
5.4 Consideration of the probe influence on the measurement results
5.5 Algorithms of directive and power gains computation for antenna under study based on measurement results
5.6 Computation algorithm for electromagnetic field in antenna aperture based on the measurements of amplitude-phase distribution on the spherical scanning surface
5.7 Measurement accuracy estimations for spherical scanning surface
5.8 Description of kinematic schemes for near field test-stands with spherical scanning surface
References
Chapter 6 Antenna tests
6.1 The goal and purpose of the tests
6.2 Laboratory tests
6.3 Mechanical tests
6.4 Climatic tests
6.5 Flight testing
6.6 Directional diagram measurement methods on the model aircrafts
References
